Split-face histological and biochemical evaluation of tightening efficacy using temperature- and impedance-controlled continuous non-invasive radio frequency energy
Introduction
Non-ablative energy treatments for skin laxity and rhytides have grown rapidly in the last 10 years. Mid-infrared lasers were initially studied for potential efficacy in skin tightening, but the results were modest and, additionally, the devices could often not be used on darker skin types due to risk of discoloration and scarring following absorption of energy by the chromophore melanin (1). Focused ultrasound devices have recently been approved by FDA for skin tightening, but these devices can be associated with significant treatment discomfort requiring analgesia during and after the procedure (2). Furthermore, there have been reports of motor nerve paresthesia following treatments. Radiofrequency (RF) devices have been reported to achieve modest clinical efficacy in skin tightening without many of the limitations of other energy devices, and may therefore represent an ideal treatment option for non-invasive skin tightening
Sylvie Boisnica, Marc Divarisb, Marie-Christine Branchetc, and Andrew A. Nelsond
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